Peatlands are important in several regions as they contribute to many ecosystem services such as drinking water provision, biomass production and flood retention. When peatlands are drained, negative environmental impacts include reduced surface water quality, loss in biodiversity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Peatland water management must consider ways to: i) reduce water-related environmental impacts, ii) produce crops and biomass, iii) limit subsidence and soil loss, iv) prevent fire during droughts, v) offer viable solutions for restoration and after use of degraded sites. Water management must consider different type of peatlands, different land use options, climate, and socio-economic settings.