Source streams, or headwaters, are often provided with the least protection from forestry and other land uses. However, the impact on ecological status of small streams from increasing water temperature, mobilising sediment, nutrients and contaminants may overwhelm the resilience of these stream ecosystems.More

Main outputs

• Kuglerová, L., J. Jyväsjärvi, C.M. Ruffing, T. Muotka, A. Jonsson, E. Andersson, J.S. Richardson. 2020. Cutting edge: A comparison of contemporary practices of riparian buffer retention around small streams in Canada, Finland and Sweden. Water Resources Research 56(9): e2019WR026381.

• Jyväsjärvi, J., Koivunen, I., Muotka, T. 2020. Does the buffer width matter: Testing the effectiveness of forest certificates in the protection of headwater stream ecosystems. Forest Ecology and Management 478: 118532.

• Kuglerová, L., Hasselquist, E.M., Sponseller, R.A., Muotka, T., Hallsby, G., Laudon, H., 2020. Multiple stressors in small streams in the forestry context of Fennoscandia: The effects in time and space. Sci. Total Environ. 143521.